塑料模具的主要分類按照成(cheng)型方法的(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong),可以劃分(fen)出(chu)對應不(bu)(bu)同(tong)工(gong)藝要(yao)求的(de)塑料加(jia)工(gong)模(mo)具類型,主要(yao)有(you)注射成(cheng)型模具(ju)、擠出成(cheng)型模具(ju)、吸塑(su)成(cheng)型模具(ju)、高(gao)發(fa)泡聚(ju)苯乙烯成型模具等。 1、塑(su)料注(zhu)射(塑(su))模具 它(ta)主要(yao)是(shi)熱(re)塑性塑料件產品生產中應用很為普遍的一種(zhong)成型(xing)模具(ju),塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)注射模具(ju)對應的加工設備(bei)是塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)注射成型(xing)機,塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)首先在(zai)注射機底加熱(re)料(liao)(liao)筒內受熱(re)熔融,然(ran)后在(zai)注射機的螺桿(gan)或(huo)柱塞推動下,經注射(she)機噴(pen)嘴和模具(ju)的澆注系(xi)統進入模具(ju)型(xing)(xing)腔,塑(su)料(liao)(liao)冷(leng)卻(que)硬化成型(xing)(xing),脫(tuo)模得到(dao)制(zhi)品。其結構通常由成型(xing)(xing)部件(jian)、澆注(zhu)系(xi)(xi)統、導向(xiang)部件(jian)、推(tui)出機構、調溫(wen)系(xi)(xi)統、排氣系(xi)(xi)統、支撐部件(jian)等部分組成。制(zhi)造材(cai)料(liao)(liao)通常采用塑料模具鋼模塊,常用(yong)的材質主要為碳素結構鋼、碳(tan)素工(gong)具(ju)鋼、合金工具鋼(gang),高速鋼等。注射成型加工方式通常只適(shi)用(yong)于熱(re)塑料品(pin)的制品(pin)生產,用(yong)注(zhu)射成型工藝(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)塑(su)料(liao)制品十分(fen)廣(guang)泛,從生(sheng)活日用品到各類復雜(za)的(de)(de)機械,電器、交通工具(ju)零件(jian)等(deng)都是用注(zhu)射模具(ju)成型的(de)(de),它是塑(su)料(liao)制品生(sheng)產(chan)中應用非常廣(guang)的(de)(de)一(yi)種加工方法。 2、 塑(su)料(liao)壓塑(su)模具 包括壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)壓(ya)(ya)注成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)兩種(zhong)結構模(mo)具(ju)(ju)類型(xing)(xing)(xing)。它們(men)是(shi)主要用(yong)來成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)熱固(gu)性塑(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)一(yi)類模(mo)具(ju)(ju),其所對(dui)應的(de)(de)設備是(shi)壓(ya)(ya)力成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)機。壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)方法根(gen)據塑(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)特(te)性,將模(mo)具(ju)(ju)加熱至成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)溫(wen)度(一(yi)般在(zai)103°-108°),然后(hou)將計量好(hao)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)粉放(fang)入模(mo)具(ju)(ju)型(xing)(xing)(xing)腔(qiang)和(he)加料(liao)(liao)室(shi),閉(bi)合模(mo)具(ju)(ju),塑(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)高(gao)熱,高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)作用(yong)下呈軟化(hua)粘流,經一(yi)定時間(jian)后(hou)固(gu)化(hua)定型(xing)(xing)(xing),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)所需(xu)制(zhi)品形(xing)狀。壓(ya)(ya)注成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)與壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)不同的(de)(de)是(shi)有單獨的(de)(de)加料(liao)(liao)室(shi),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)前模(mo)具(ju)(ju)先閉(bi)合,塑(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)加料(liao)(liao)室(shi)內完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)預熱呈粘流態,在(zai)壓(ya)(ya)力作用(yong)下調整擠(ji)入模(mo)具(ju)(ju)型(xing)(xing)(xing)腔(qiang),硬化(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)。壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)模(mo)具(ju)(ju)也(ye)用(yong)來成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)某些特(te)殊的(de)(de)熱塑(su)(su)(su)(su)性塑(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)如(ru)難(nan)以熔(rong)融的(de)(de)熱塑(su)(su)(su)(su)性塑(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(如(ru)聚(ju)加氟(fu)乙烯(xi))毛坯(冷壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)),光學性能很高(gao)的(de)(de)樹脂鏡片(pian),輕微發(fa)泡(pao)的硝酸纖維素汽車方(fang)向盤(pan)等。壓塑(su)模(mo)具(ju)主要由型腔、加(jia)料(liao)腔、導向機構、推出部件、加(jia)熱(re)系統等組成。壓注模(mo)具(ju)廣(guang)泛用(yong)于封(feng)裝電器元件方(fang)面。壓塑(su)模(mo)具(ju)制造所(suo)用(yong)材質與注射(she)模(mo)具(ju)基本(ben)相(xiang)同。 3、塑(su)料擠出模具 用(yong)來成型生(sheng)產(chan)連續(xu)形(xing)狀的塑料產(chan)品的一類模具,又叫擠出成型機頭(tou),廣(guang)泛用(yong)于管材(cai)、棒材(cai)、單絲、板材(cai)、薄膜、電(dian)線電(dian)纜包覆層、異型材(cai)等的(de)加工。與其對應的(de)生產設備是塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)擠(ji)出(chu)機,其原理(li)是固(gu)態塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)在(zai)加(jia)熱和擠(ji)出(chu)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)螺桿旋轉加(jia)壓(ya)條件(jian)下熔融,塑(su)化(hua),通(tong)過特定形(xing)狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)口模(mo)而制成截面(mian)與口模(mo)形(xing)狀相(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)續塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)制品。其制造材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)主要有(you)(you)碳素結構鋼、合金工(gong)具等(deng)(deng),有(you)(you)些(xie)擠(ji)出(chu)模(mo)具在(zai)需要耐(nai)磨的(de)(de)(de)(de)部件(jian)上還會鑲嵌金剛石等(deng)(deng)耐(nai)磨材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。擠(ji)出(chu)中工(gong)工(gong)藝通(tong)常(chang)只(zhi)適用熱塑(su)性塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)品制品的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan),其在(zai)結構上與注塑(su)模(mo)具和壓(ya)塑(su)模(mo)具有(you)(you)明(ming)顯(xian)區別(bie)。 4、塑(su)料吹塑(su)模具 是(shi)用來成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)塑(su)(su)(su)料容(rong)器類中(zhong)(zhong)空制(zhi)品(如飲料瓶、日化用品等各種包裝容(rong)器)的一(yi)種模(mo)具,吹(chui)(chui)塑(su)(su)(su)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)的形式按工藝原理主要(yao)有擠出吹(chui)(chui)塑(su)(su)(su)中(zhong)(zhong)空成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)、注射吹(chui)(chui)塑(su)(su)(su)中(zhong)(zhong)空成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)、注射延伸吹(chui)(chui)塑(su)(su)(su)中(zhong)(zhong)空成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(俗稱"注拉吹(chui)(chui)"),多(duo)層(ceng)吹(chui)(chui)塑(su)(su)(su)中(zhong)(zhong)空成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing),片材吹(chui)(chui)塑(su)(su)(su)中(zhong)(zhong)空成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)等。中(zhong)(zhong)空制(zhi)品吹(chui)(chui)塑(su)(su)(su)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)所對應的設備通常稱為(wei)塑(su)(su)(su)料吹(chui)(chui)塑(su)(su)(su)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機,吹(chui)(chui)塑(su)(su)(su)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)只適(shi)用于熱(re)塑(su)(su)(su)料品種制(zhi)品的生(sheng)產。吹(chui)(chui)塑(su)(su)(su)模(mo)具結構較為(wei)簡單,所用材料多(duo)以碳(tan)素(su)多(duo)則制(zhi)造。 5、塑料吸塑模具 是以(yi)塑料板、片材為(wei)原(yuan)料成型(xing)(xing)(xing)某些(xie)較簡(jian)單塑料制品的(de)一種模(mo)具,其原(yuan)理是利(li)用(yong)抽(chou)真空盛開方法或壓(ya)縮空氣成型(xing)(xing)(xing)方法使(shi)固定在凹模(mo)或凸模(mo)上(shang)的(de)塑料板、片,在加熱軟化的(de)情況下(xia)變形(xing)而貼在模(mo)具的(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)腔上(shang)得到所需成型(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)品,主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)于(yu)一些(xie)日用(yong)品、食品、玩具類包裝制品生(sheng)產(chan)方面。吸(xi)塑模(mo)具因成型(xing)(xing)(xing)時壓(ya)力較低,所以(yi)模具材(cai)料多選用鑄鋁(lv)或非金(jin)屬材(cai)料制造,結構(gou)較為(wei)簡單。 6、高發(fa)泡聚苯乙(yi)烯成型模具 是應用可發性聚苯(ben)乙(yi)烯(由聚苯(ben)乙(yi)烯和(he)發(fa)泡(pao)劑(ji)組(zu)成的(de)珠狀(zhuang)料(liao))原(yuan)料(liao)來成型(xing)各種(zhong)所需形(xing)狀(zhuang)的(de)泡(pao)沫塑(su)料(liao)包(bao)裝材料(liao)的(de)一種(zhong)模具。其原(yuan)理是可(ke)發(fa)聚苯(ben)乙(yi)烯在模具內(nei)能入蒸汽成型(xing),包(bao)括簡易手(shou)工操(cao)作模具和(he)液壓機(ji)直通式(shi)泡(pao)沫塑(su)料(liao)模具兩種(zhong)類型(xing),主要(yao)用來生產(chan)工業品(pin)方面的(de)包(bao)裝產(chan)品(pin)。制(zhi)造此種(zhong)模具的(de)材料(liao)有(you)鑄(zhu)鋁、不銹鋼(gang)、青銅等。 |