1、塑料(liao)注射(塑)模具。

它(ta)主要是(shi)熱(re)塑(su)(su)性塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)件(jian)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)中應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)很(hen)為普(pu)遍的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)模(mo)具(ju)，塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)注射模(mo)具(ju)對應(ying)的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)設備是(shi)塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)注射成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機(ji)，塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)首先在注射機(ji)底加熱(re)料(liao)(liao)(liao)筒內受熱(re)熔融，然后(hou)在注射機(ji)的(de)(de)螺(luo)桿(gan)或(huo)柱塞推動下，經(jing)注射機(ji)噴嘴(zui)和模(mo)具(ju)的(de)(de)澆注系(xi)統(tong)進入(ru)模(mo)具(ju)型(xing)(xing)腔，塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)冷卻硬化成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，脫模(mo)得到制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)。其(qi)結構通(tong)常(chang)(chang)由成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)部件(jian)、澆注系(xi)統(tong)、導向(xiang)部件(jian)、推出機(ji)構、調溫系(xi)統(tong)、排氣系(xi)統(tong)、支撐部件(jian)等(deng)(deng)部分(fen)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。制(zhi)造材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)通(tong)常(chang)(chang)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)模(mo)具(ju)鋼模(mo)塊，常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)材(cai)質(zhi)主要為碳(tan)素結構鋼、碳(tan)素工(gong)(gong)具(ju)鋼、合金工(gong)(gong)具(ju)鋼，高速(su)鋼等(deng)(deng)。注射成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)加工(gong)(gong)方式通(tong)常(chang)(chang)只適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于熱(re)塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)注射成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝生產(chan)的(de)(de)塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)十分(fen)廣(guang)泛，從(cong)生活日用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)品(pin)(pin)到各類(lei)復雜的(de)(de)機(ji)械(xie)，電器、交通(tong)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)零件(jian)等(deng)(deng)都是(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)注射模(mo)具(ju)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)，它(ta)是(shi)塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)中應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)最廣(guang)的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)加工(gong)(gong)方法。

2、塑(su)(su)(su)料(liao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)塑(su)(su)(su)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)。包括(kuo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)和壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)注(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)兩種結構模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)類型(xing)(xing)。它(ta)們是主要(yao)用(yong)來成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)熱(re)固性(xing)塑(su)(su)(su)料(liao)的(de)一類模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)，其所(suo)對應(ying)的(de)設備是壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)方法根據塑(su)(su)(su)料(liao)特性(xing)，將模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)加(jia)熱(re)至成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)溫度(一般在(zai) 103°—108°)，然后將計(ji)量(liang)好的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)塑(su)(su)(su)粉(fen)放入模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)型(xing)(xing)腔(qiang)(qiang)和加(jia)料(liao)室(shi)(shi)，閉合(he)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)，塑(su)(su)(su)料(liao)在(zai)高熱(re)，高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)作用(yong)下呈軟(ruan)化(hua)粘流(liu)，經一定(ding)時間后固化(hua)定(ding)型(xing)(xing)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為所(suo)需制品形狀(zhuang)。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)注(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)與壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)不同的(de)是有單獨的(de)加(jia)料(liao)室(shi)(shi)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)前模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)先閉合(he)，塑(su)(su)(su)料(liao)在(zai)加(jia)料(liao)室(shi)(shi)內完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)預熱(re)呈粘流(liu)態，在(zai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力作用(yong)下調整擠入模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)型(xing)(xing)腔(qiang)(qiang)，硬(ying)化(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)也(ye)用(yong)來成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)某(mou)些特殊的(de)熱(re)塑(su)(su)(su)性(xing)塑(su)(su)(su)料(liao)如(ru)難以熔融的(de)熱(re)塑(su)(su)(su)性(xing)塑(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(如(ru)聚加(jia)氟(fu)乙烯)毛坯(pi)(冷壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing))，光學(xue)性(xing)能(neng)很高的(de)樹脂鏡(jing)片(pian)，輕微(wei)發泡的(de)硝(xiao)酸纖維素汽車方向(xiang)盤等。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)塑(su)(su)(su)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)主要(yao)由型(xing)(xing)腔(qiang)(qiang)、加(jia)料(liao)腔(qiang)(qiang)、導向(xiang)機構、推出(chu)部(bu)件(jian)、加(jia)熱(re)系統等組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)注(zhu)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)廣泛用(yong)于封(feng)裝電器元件(jian)方面。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)塑(su)(su)(su)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)制造所(suo)用(yong)材質與注(zhu)射(she)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)基本相(xiang)同。

3、塑(su)料擠(ji)出模具。用(yong)(yong)來成型生產連(lian)續形(xing)狀的(de)(de)塑(su)料產品的(de)(de)一類(lei)模具，又叫(jiao)擠(ji)出成型機(ji)(ji)(ji)頭(tou)，廣泛用(yong)(yong)于(yu)管(guan)材(cai)、棒材(cai)、單絲、板材(cai)、薄(bo)膜、電線電纜(lan)包覆層、異型材(cai)等的(de)(de)加工。與其(qi)(qi)對應的(de)(de)生產設備(bei)是塑(su)料擠(ji)出機(ji)(ji)(ji)，其(qi)(qi)原理是固態塑(su)料在加熱(re)和擠(ji)出機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)螺(luo)桿旋轉(zhuan)加壓(ya)條件下熔融，塑(su)化，通過特定形(xing)狀的(de)(de)口(kou)模而制(zhi)成截(jie)面與口(kou)模形(xing)狀相(xiang)同的(de)(de)連(lian)續塑(su)料制(zhi)品。其(qi)(qi)制(zhi)造材(cai)料主(zhu)要有碳素結構(gou)鋼(gang)、合(he)金(jin)工具等，有些(xie)擠(ji)出模具在需(xu)要耐磨的(de)(de)部件上還會(hui)鑲嵌金(jin)剛石等耐磨材(cai)料。擠(ji)出中工工藝通常只適用(yong)(yong)熱(re)塑(su)性塑(su)料品制(zhi)品的(de)(de)生產，其(qi)(qi)在結構(gou)上與注塑(su)模具和壓(ya)塑(su)模具有明顯區(qu)別。

4、塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)吹塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)模具(ju)。是用來成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)容器(qi)類中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)制品(pin)(如飲料(liao)(liao)瓶、日化用品(pin)等(deng)(deng)各種包(bao)裝容器(qi))的(de)一(yi)種模具(ju)，吹塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)的(de)形式按工藝原理(li)主(zhu)要有擠出吹塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)、注射(she)吹塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)、注射(she)延伸吹塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(俗稱(cheng)“注拉吹”)，多層(ceng)吹塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，片(pian)材吹塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)。中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)制品(pin)吹塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)所(suo)對應的(de)設備(bei)通(tong)常稱(cheng)為塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)吹塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機(ji)，吹塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)只適用于熱塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)品(pin)種制品(pin)的(de)生(sheng)產。吹塑(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)模具(ju)結構較為簡單，所(suo)用材料(liao)(liao)多以碳素多則制造。

5、塑(su)料吸(xi)塑(su)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)。是以塑(su)料板、片(pian)材(cai)為原料成(cheng)型某些較(jiao)簡單塑(su)料制品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)一種模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)，其原理是利用(yong)抽(chou)真空盛開方法或(huo)壓縮(suo)空氣成(cheng)型方法使(shi)固定在凹模(mo)(mo)(mo)或(huo)凸模(mo)(mo)(mo)上的(de)塑(su)料板、片(pian)，在加熱軟化的(de)情況下變形而貼在模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)的(de)型腔上得(de)到所需成(cheng)型產品(pin)(pin)(pin)，主要用(yong)于一些日用(yong)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、食品(pin)(pin)(pin)、玩具(ju)(ju)類(lei)包裝(zhuang)制品(pin)(pin)(pin)生產方面。吸(xi)塑(su)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)因(yin)成(cheng)型時壓力較(jiao)低，所以模(mo)具材(cai)(cai)料(liao)多(duo)選用鑄(zhu)鋁或非金屬材(cai)(cai)料(liao)制造，結(jie)構(gou)較為簡單。

6、高(gao)發(fa)泡(pao)聚(ju)苯(ben)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)烯(xi)成(cheng)型(xing)模(mo)(mo)具。是(shi)應用可(ke)發(fa)性聚(ju)苯(ben)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(由聚(ju)苯(ben)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)烯(xi)和發(fa)泡(pao)劑組成(cheng)的(de)珠狀(zhuang)料(liao))原料(liao)來成(cheng)型(xing)各種(zhong)所需形狀(zhuang)的(de)泡(pao)沫(mo)(mo)塑料(liao)包裝(zhuang)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)一種(zhong)模(mo)(mo)具。其(qi)原理是(shi)可(ke)發(fa)聚(ju)苯(ben)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)烯(xi)在(zai)模(mo)(mo)具內能入蒸(zheng)汽成(cheng)型(xing)，包括簡易手工操作模(mo)(mo)具和液壓機直通式(shi)泡(pao)沫(mo)(mo)塑料(liao)模(mo)(mo)具兩種(zhong)類型(xing)，主要(yao)用來生產(chan)工業品方面的(de)包裝(zhuang)產(chan)品。制造此種(zhong)模(mo)(mo)具的(de)材(cai)料(liao)有(you)鑄(zhu)鋁、不(bu)銹鋼、青(qing)銅等(deng)。